Psychophysical Threshold Estimates in Logistic Regression Using the Bootstrap Resampling

We propose the non-parametric bootstrap resampling algorithm for the problem of psychophysical threshold estimates. We use the logistic regression with guessing rate and the log-likelihood ratio test statistics of two samples for testing the hypothesis by using the bootstrap resampling. We apply our algorithm to the visual acuity test, and show that the bootstrap resampling is useful for the problem of the two-sample test when the numbers of observations are not identical between the two samples. We also propose the bootstrap algorithm for one-sample testing to certify the values of parameters and threshold obtained by logistic regression

The Parametric and Non-parametric Bootstrap Resamplings for the Visual Acuity Measurement

We propose a useful tool for the visual acuity measurement from the results of parametric and non-parametric bootstrap algorithms in the logistic regression model. We present the kurtosis and the variance of deviance residuals to estimate the efficiency of bootstrap resampling. We applied our parametric and non-parametric algorithms to the problem of the visual acuity measurement and obtained the efficiency measures for the comparison of the parametric and non-parametric bootstrap resamplings

A statistical modelling of the visual acuity measurement and its multiple test procedure

To establish the computer assisted system of the visual acuity test, we propose a statistical modelling of the visual acuity measurement and its multiple test procedure. The psychometric functions for individual patients are produced by the logistic regression combined with the guessing rate. We adopt test statistics based on (i) psychometric functions (the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method) and (ii) psychophysical thresholds (the delta method). The multiple comparisons are performed by the step-down procedure with Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch (REGW) significance levels. To show the practical effectiveness of our system, we present a numerical example of four patient groups

Pathobiological implications of mucin (MUC) expression in the outcome of small bowel cancer.

Mucins have been associated with survival in various cancer patients, but there have been no studies of mucins in small bowel carcinoma (SBC). In this study, we investigated the relationships between mucin expression and clinicopathologic factors in 60 SBC cases, in which expression profiles of MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6 and MUC16 in cancer and normal tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. MUC1, MUC5AC and MUC16 expression was increased in SBC lesions compared to the normal epithelium, and expression of these mucins was related to clinicopathologic factors, as follows: MUC1 [tumor location (p = 0.019), depth (p = 0.017) and curability (p = 0.007)], MUC5AC [tumor location (p = 0.063) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.059)], and MUC16 [venous invasion (p = 0.016) and curability (p = 0.016)]. Analysis of 58 cases with survival data revealed five factors associated with a poor prognosis: poorly-differentiated or neuroendocrine histological type (

Relation between Visual Acuity and Slope of Psychometric Function in Young Adults

Mita et al. (2010) devised a technique of comparing a visual acuity (VA) change in an individual with more accurate VA than conventional VA tests by significant difference examined logarithmic (Log) VA ± standard deviation (SD). Using this technique, in this study, we examined a relation between VA and the slope of the psychometric function in normal young subjects. Six occlusion foil conditions were employed (1.0, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.1 and without the foil) under a full refractive correction. Ten normal young adults (22.8 years old on average) who have no ophthalmologic disease except ametropia participated in the measurement. The experiment was carried out with the constant method, a series of ten Landolt rings were used and each ring was presented 20 times randomly in a measurement. A 5.6-inch type of liquid crystal display driven by a computer, which has 1,280×800 pixels spatial resolution, was used to present the stimulus. In the normal young adults, the slope of the psychometric function did not change as the VA change systematically, and there was almost no correlation between them (r = −0.103)

Correction: Association between ultraviolet radiation exposure dose and cataract in Han people living in China and Taiwan: A cross-sectional study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215338.]